Technical Questions

Stack pointer is a special purpose 16-bit register in the Microprocessor, which holds the address od the top of the stack.

Static RAM: no refreshing, 6 to 8 MOS transistors are required to form one memory cell, information stored as voltage level in flip flop. 

Dynamic RAM: refreshed periodically, 3 to 4 transistors are required to form one memory cell, information is  stored as a charge in the gate to substrate capacitance.

Output: 1 1 1 1 1 1
For loop will execute six times.

Note: continue keyword in do-while loop bring the program its while condition (while(0)) which is always false.

A blocking assignment is one in which the statements are executed sequentially, i.e., first statement is executed and variable is assigned  a value then second is executed and so on. A non blocking assignment is  one in which statements occurs conturrently, only non blocking assignments should be used in sequential circuit.

e.g.

initial

begin

a=b; //blocking

c<=a; //nonblocking

d=c; // blocking

end

In this example firstly the value of b is assigned to a and this value is assigned to c only after execution of first statement. the second and the third statements are executed simultaneously, i.e. value a ais assigned to c and previous value if c is assigned to d.

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
  FILE *p,*q;
  char file1[20],file2[20];
  char ch;
  printf("\nEnter the source file name to be copied:");
  gets(file1);
  p=fopen(file1,"r");
  if(p==NULL){
      printf("cannot open %s",file1);
      exit(0);
  }
  printf("\nEnter the destination file name:");
  gets(file2);
  q=fopen(file2,"w");
  if(q==NULL){
      printf("cannot open %s",file2);
      exit(0);
  }
  while((ch=getc(p))!=EOF)
      putc(ch,q);
  printf("\nCOMPLETED");
  fclose(p);
  fclose(q);
 return 0;
}

A list of processes waiting for a particular I/O device is called device queue.

When a process enters the system it is placed in the job queue.