Technical Questions

This is a common error while compiling C program in Linux. This error occurs when you are using pthread_create function to create threads in your programs.

To fix this problem ensure following points:
Include header file pthread.h in your program.
Add –lpthread linker flag with compilation command.
1- Include Header file
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
...
...
2- Compile command
gcc main.c -o main -lpthread

While extracting a float argument using va_arg we should have useed 

c = va_arg (ptr, double)

There are situations, called hazards, that prevent the next insturction in the instruction stream from executing during its designated clock cycle. hazards reduce the performance from the ideal speedup gained by pipelining.

There are three classes of Hazards:

1. Structural hazards: It arise from resource conficts when the hardware cannot support all possible combinations of instructions simultaniously in overlapped execution.

2. Data Hazards: It arise when an instruction depends on the results of previous instruction in a way that is exposed by the overlapping of instructions in the pipeline.

3.control hazards. it arise from the pipelining of branches and other instructions that chage the PC.

Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel. By default, a Linux user falls under same as userid (UPG) group.