Network Engineer Questions

DRAM is a Volatile random-access memory (VRAM).

Volatile random-access memory (VRAM) is random-access memory that retains its information when power is turned on.

Examples of volatile memory are primary storage (typically dynamic RAM, DRAM), and fast CPU cache memory (typically static RAM, SRAM, which is fast but energy-consuming and offer lower memory capacity per area unit than DRAM).

Non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) is random-access memory that retains its information when power is turned off.

Examples of non-volatile memory are flash memory (used as secondary memory) and ROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM memory (used for storing firmware such as BIOS). 

FTP-File Transfer Protocol

Application layer protocol defines types of messages exchanged, message format, syntax and semantics and rules for when and how processes send and respond to messages.

Hard copy is the output which is printed by the computer.

In a brief, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications. System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application programs.

Examples : OS, System utilities, BIOS like mouse, keyboard, hard disc, Device drivers, Assembler,...

The process that allows a network to self-repair networks problems. The stations on the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks.

Ethernet uses Bus topology.

A method for providing fault tolerance by using multiple hard disk drives