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The main excretory organs of insects and spiders are Malpighian tubules.

As the ionization energies of the elements decreases down the group carbon has got the highest ionization energy in the group being at the top of the group.

Carbon is on the top of the group 4 among the given elements. Hence, Carbon has the highest ionization energy.

Treason is a violation or attack against a person's government which puts the safety of the government at risk. Blasphemy is speaking or acting against a person's religion which attacks the belief system of that religion.

Uttar Pradesh state government to install 221-Metre Bronze Statue Of lordRam In Ayodhya.

The given number series is 3, 11, 80, 291, 803

$$\begin{gathered} 3 \\ 3 + 23 = 3 + 8 = 11 \\ 11 + 43 = 11 + 64 = 75 (not 80) \\ 75 + 63 = 75 + 216 = 291 \\ 291 + 83 = 291 + 512 = 803 \end{gathered}$$

Mutations can disrupt the cell cycle, and can cause certain diseases and conditions.

The act of formally approving something is known as Ratification.