Job Roles

A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

The degeneration of a signal over distance on a network cable is called attenuation.

Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted during one second whereas baud rate refers to the number of signal units per second that are required to represent those bits.

baud rate = bit rate / N

where N is no-of-bits represented by each signal shift.

Every line has an upper limit and a lower limit on the frequency of signals it can carry. This limited range is called the bandwidth

S=R[(1+i)^n-1]/i

The data unit created at the application layer is called a message, at the transport layer the data unit created is called either a segment or an user datagram, at the network layer the data unit created is called the datagram, at the data link layer the datagram is encapsulated in to a frame and finally transmitted as signals along the transmission media.

First find the present value of $3800,then compare present values:

M  = p(1+i/4)^4n

M=P(1+i)^n