Accounting and Finance Questions

Debenture holder are those who provides long term loan at specific interest rate in term of cash and creditor provides only short term credit in term of cash for purchasing of goods.

You should have recorded in your cash books all amounts you have actually received and payments you have actually made. However the cash books may be incomplete as your bank may have put extra transactions through your account such as:

► bank fees or interest charges
► direct debits (payments) and direct credits (receipts).

Doing a regular bank reconciliation will allow you to:

► take into account any extra transactions your bank puts through your account and
► check and record any errors or omissions.

By regularly doing a bank reconciliation (say monthly) you can be more confident that your records contain all the information you need to prepare your income tax return and activity statements.

A commercial bank is a financial body which performs the functions of accepting deposits from the general public and giving short term loans for investment with the aim of earning profit.

The three steps in the accounting process are

1. Identification,

2. Recording, and

3. Communication. 

Hence, analyzing and interpreting financial reports is not involved in the accounting process.

6 months after graduating or quitting school when you have to start paying back the loans.

A grace period is one term that’s provided for student loans that allow you to delay payments up to a certain length of time, without penalty. During a grace period no late charges would apply, and the loan would not risk falling into default for missed payments. The grace period allows you time to find financial stability prior to having to make payments on your student loans.

Many students use student loans to help pay for their college expenses, including tuition, books, room and board, and other living expenses. Students are expected to repay these loans when they graduate.

The financial statements should be prepared in the following order:

Income statement - Statement of retained earnings - Balance sheet

1. Income statement reports revenues and expenses and calculates net income or net loss for the time period.

2. Statement of retained earnings show how retained earnings changed during the period due to net income or net loss and dividends.

3. Balance sheet reports assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity as of the last day of the period.

A company may also have various company codes across the different locations. There will be exchange of services between these company codes. These goods and services which are shared or exchanged between these company codes are bring to terms during the month end process. The exchange difference has to be settled by a company code in the way of money transfer.

This process is known as Intercompany Settlement. 

FPO (Follow on Public Offer) is a process by which a company, which is already listed on an exchange, issues new shares to the investors or the existing shareholders, usually the promoters. FPO is used by companies to diversify their equity base. A follow-on public offer (FPO) is also called Further Public Offer.