Biology Questions

Genes are units of heredity.

Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration. This process breaks down glucose into two pyruvic acids, and produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH. 

In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis and fermentation reactions occur in the cytoplasm.

Sugar is a component of Carbohydrates.

The left atrium is the upper left chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins.

The heart is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body. The heart is divided into four chambers. The upper chamber is known as the atrium while the lower chamber is referred to as the ventricle.

The genome of an organism is inscribed in DNA, or in some viruses RNA. The portion of the genome that codes for a protein or an RNA is referred to as a gene. Those genes that code for proteins are composed of tri-nucleotide units called codons, each coding for a single amino acid.

Plants are producers, which means they make their own food. Chloroplasts are organelles found in eukaryotic and plant cells that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.

Plants use energy from sunlight to help make their food, but they need chloroplasts to do it.

Hence, in plants, chloroplasts are necessary for Photosynthesis.

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that leads to the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate and other non-carbohydrate precursors, even in non-photosynthetic organisms.

It occurs in all microorganisms, fungi, plants and animals, and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecule from two pyruvate molecules. Therefore, it is in essence glycolysis in reverse, which instead goes from glucose to pyruvate, and shares seven enzymes with it.