CAT Questions

---

The mesosphere lies above the stratosphere and extends to an altitude of about 85 km. This is layer is often referred to as the cold layer, as the lowest readings in the atmosphere are found here.

Temperature decreases with height, reaching a minimum average value of -90 ºC at the top of the layer.

A paper written by hand are called as Manuscripts.

All the given reactions are Decomposition reactions.

Decomposition reaction is a reaction in which only one reactant is splitted into two or more products.

For undo the action or last action [Ctrl + Z] is used.

The Republic was written by Plato.

Random mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutations are likely to be rare and most mutations are neutral or deleterious, but in some instances, the new alleles can be favored by natural selection. Polyploidy is an example of chromosomal mutation.

Mutations are changes in the DNA. A single mutation can have a large effect.

1) mutation - an alteration in DNA sequence, various types

2) intragenic recombination - results in entirely new associations of genes not present in either parental genome.

Two forms of intragenic recombination:

a) crossing over
b) independent assortment
3) reticulation – acquisition of genetic material from unrelated or relatively unrelated sources (e.g., hybrid species, horizontal gene transfer).

All of the genetic information in a cell was initially thought to be confined to the DNA in the chromosomes of the cell nucleus.

It is now known that small circular chromosomes, called extranuclear, or cytoplasmic, DNA, are located in two types of organelles found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

These organelles are the mitochondria in animal and plant cells and the chloroplasts in plant cells.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) contains genes that are involved with aspects of photosynthesis and with components of the special protein-synthesizing apparatus that is active within the organelle.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains some of the genes that participate in the conversion of the energy of chemical bonds into the energy currency of the cell—a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—as well as genes for mitochondrial protein synthesis.