Verbal Reasoning - Mental Ability Questions

Penology is the study of punishment. Similarly, Seismology is the study of Earthquakes.

Hence, Penology : Punishment :: Seismology : Eartquakes.

Q is the son of R but R is not the mother. So, R is the Father of Q. P is married to R 

So, P is the wife of R and the mother of Q, X is the daughter of P and hence of R and so she is the Sister of Q, Y is the brother of R and Z is the brother of P. 

Clearly. Y is brother of R who is a male. So, Y and R are a pair of brothers  

Using the letters A, L, W

only one meaningful English word can be formed i.e, LAW

No other words can be formed.

Second is a bony protective covering for the first. Here pericardium protects Heart and Cranium protect Brain.

Hence, Heart : Pericardium :: Brain : Cranium.

Given word : CONTEXTUAL

After making changes as per given in the question , the above word becomes as follows:

XTUALCONTE . Hence, 4th letter from the right end is O.

quicker method:

    Total no of letters in the given word = 10.

    4th letter from the right means (10 - 4 + 1 =) 7th letter from the left of the word obtained after rearrangement. Again, read the question , we come to know that, the positions of the second and seventh letters are interchanged. Hence the required letter is the second letter of the given word which is O.