Questions

Protective arrangements: Such measures as are required to enforce equality, to provide punitive measures for transgressions, to eliminate established practices that perpetuate inequities, etc.A number of laws were enacted to implement the provisions in the Constitution. Examples of such laws include The Untouchability Practices Act, 1955, Scheduled Casteand Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, etc. Despite legislation, social discrimination and atrocities against the backward castes continued topersist

Trinamool Congress became the 7th political party to be recognized as a National Party in September 2016.

Conditions for Recognition as a National Party

1. Secure at least 6% of the valid vote in an Assembly or a Lok Sabha General Election in any four or more states and won at least 4 seats in a Lok Sabha General Election from any State or States.

2. Win at least 2% of the total Lok Sabha seats in a Lok Sabha General Election and these seats have to be won from at least 3 states.

3. The party is recognized as a State Party in at least four states.

Besides  some  federal  features,the Constitution of India also has some unitary  features  as  well.  All  States have  no  equal  representation  in the  Rajya  Sabha,because  in  India the states are given representation in the Rajya Sabha on the basis of population.  Hence,  the  number  of representatives  varies  from  state to    state, for    instance,    Uttar Pradesh  has  31  members  whereas Tripura  has  only  1  member.This principle    is    considered    as    a safeguard    for    smaller    states.States  in  India  also  have  no  right to territorial integrity. The Parliament  can  change  the  area,boundaries  or  name  of  any  state by unilateral action, So the consent of   a   State   is   not   required   for altering  its  boundaries,Moreover,despite dual Polity,the Constitution  of  India  adopted  the system  of Single citizenship.There is  only  Indian  citizenship  and  no separate state citizenship.

The growth scenario in India shows that the services sector has become the most dominant in the later part of its growth process. The share of services sector in GDP increased from 28.5 per cent in 1950-51 to 39.6 per cent in 1990-91 and then to 52.6 per cent in 2014-15 while the share of primary sector declined from 56.4 per cent in 1950-51 to 33.4 per cent in 1990-91 and then to only 19.0 per cent in 2014-15.