Questions

Optical fiber works on the principle of total internal reflection.

The Total Internal Reflection is the phenomenon in which the complete reflection of a light ray reaching an interface with a less dense medium when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.

The phrase ‘has been thrusted’ is grammatically correct. This is because, when someone is forced to accept or deal with, this form of verb is used. Thus, the correct formation would be, ‘Heavy work has been thrust on me’.

If some action has started in the past and is still continuing, then present perfect continuous tense should be used instead of present continuous tense. So, the phrase ‘am living’ needs to be replaced with ‘have been living’ to make the sentence contextually correct. Thus, the correct formation would be, ‘I have been living in Bombay for the last ten years’.

The Golaknath Case of 1967 relates to the power of the Parliament to curtail the Fundamental Rights provided in the Constitution.In 1967, the Supreme Court reversed its earlier decisions in Golaknath v. State of Punjab. It held that Fundamental Rights included in Part III of the Constitution are given a "transcendental position" and arebeyond the reach of Parliament. It also declared any amendment that "takes away or abridges" a Fundamental Right conferred by Part III as unconstitutional. By 1973, the basic structure doctrine triumphed in Justice Hans Raj Khanna's judgment in the landmark decision of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala.