Questions

Species richness is generally lower in the Arctic than at lower latitudes, and richness also tends to decline from the low to high Arctic.Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain the overall decline of biodiversity with increasing latitude, although there is still no consensus about a mechanistic explanation. Abiotic factors include lower available energy and area at high latitudes, and the relatively young age of Arctic ecosystems.

The branch of biology that studies the different structures and functions of the cell is called Cell Biology or Cytology.

 
Cell biology (formerly called Cytology), is a Greek word: kytos, "vessel" is a branch of biology that studies the different structures and functions of the cell and focuses mainly on the idea of the cell as the basic unit of life.

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic

• Structural,

• Functional (and) 

• Biological unit of all known living organisms. 

A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "building blocks of life". 

The organisms that make their own food through basic elements like water, minerals using sunlight as energy (photosynthesis) are called Autotrophs.