FACTS  AND  FORMULAE  FOR  PERCENTAGE  QUESTIONS

 

 

I.Concept of Percentage : By a certain percent , we mean that many hundredths. Thus x percent means x hundredths, written as x%.

To express x% as a fraction : We have , x% = x/100.

Thus, 20% = 20/100 = 1/5;     

48% = 48/100 = 12/25, etc.

To express a/b as a percent : We have, ab=ab×100% .

 

Thus, 14=14×100%=25%

   

 

II. If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so as not to increase the expenditure is R100+R×100%

If the price of the commodity decreases by R%,then the increase in consumption so as to decrease the expenditure is R100-R×100%

 

 

III. Results on Population : Let the population of the town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then :

1. Population after n years = P1+R100n

 

2. Population n years ago =  P1+R100n

 

 

IV. Results on Depreciation : Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the rate R% per annum. Then,

1. Value of the machine after n years = P1-R100n

 

2. Value of the machine n years ago = P1-R100n

 

 

V. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by

R100+R×100%    

If A is R% less than B , then B is more than A by 

R100-R×100%  

Q:

There are 1650 students in a college. The difference between the number of boys and girls in the college is 400. What is the percentage of girls in the college ?

A) 49 B) 34
C) 43 D) 38
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) 38

Explanation:

Let no. of boys be 'B' and no. of girls be 'G'

Here from given data,

B + G = 1650 .....(1)

B - G = 400 .....(2)

From (1) & (2), we get

2B = 2050

=> B = 1025

=> G = 1650 - 1025 = 625

Hence, the % of girls = 625 x 100/1650

=> 38% (approx).

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4 5199
Q:

A girl read 2/5 part of a book in 1st day, 34% in second day and remaining page in next two days. In two days she read equal number of page. If she read 52 pages on last day, then find out how many pages did the book contain?

A) 400 B) 376
C) 382 D) 356
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) 400

Explanation:

1st day the girl read = 40%

2nd day she read = 34 %

Remaining percentage of book = 100% - (40% +34%) = 26%

But given last two days she read equal number of pages

=> Each day she read 26%/2 = 13%

Last day she read 52 pages = 13%

13% = 52

1% = 4

=> 100% = 400

Total pages in the book is 400.

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12 5162
Q:

In an election between two candidates 70% of the voters cast their votes, out of which 2% of the votes were declared invalid. A candidate got 7203 votes which was 60% of the total valid votes. Find the total number of voters enrolled in that election.

A) 18050 B) 17500
C) 17000 D) 7203
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) 17500

Explanation:

Let total number of votes enrolled = x
No. of voted cast = 70% of x = 0.7x
Valid votes = 98% of 0.7x
⇒ 60% of total valid votes = 7203 = 60% of 98% of 0.7x
⇒ 0.6 X 0.98 X 0.7x = 7203
⇒ x = 7203 / (0.6 X 0.98 X 0.7)
⇒ x = 17500

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1 5142
Q:

100 percent of which number is 20?

A) 100 B) 500
C) 20 D) 0
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 20

Explanation:

Let the rquired number be 'P'

According to the question,

100 x P100 = 20=> P = 20 x 100100 = 20

Hence, 100 percent of the number 20 is 20.

 

Now, you can also try for

20 percent of what number is 100

20 x P100 = 100=> P = 100 x 10020 = 500=> P = 500

Hence, 20 percent of the number 500 is 100.

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13 5134
Q:

75% of 450 + ? % of 560 = 600 

A) 52.385 B) 46.875
C) 42.155 D) 40.555
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) 46.875

Explanation:

75% of 450 + ? % of 560 = 600 

75 x 450100 + ? x 560100 = 60075 x 92 + 28p5 = 60075x9x5 + 56p10 = 6003375 + 56p = 600056p = 2625p = 46.875

 

Hence, in the given question ? = 46.875

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3 5120
Q:

A jar can 20 litre milk. From the jar, 4 litres milk was taken out and replaced with an equal quantity of water. If 4 litres of the newly formed mixture is taken out of the can, then what is the final quantity of milk left in the can?

A) 14.5 lit B) 12.8 lit
C) 11.6 lit D) 10.46 lit
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) 12.8 lit

Explanation:

This can be solved as

 

20 1 - 4202  =  20 1 - 152= 20452= 20 1625= 645= 12.8

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11 5069
Q:

74.99% of 1299 + 8.98% of 1899 = ? 

A) 1378 B) 1301
C) 1212 D) 1197
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 1212

Explanation:

74.99% of 1299 + 8.98% of 1899 = ? 

? = 75 x 1400100 + 9 x 1800100 ? = 1050 + 162? = 1212.

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9 5043
Q:

What is 85 of 352?

A) 21.5% B) 24.14%
C) 23.68% D) 25.47%
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) 24.14%

Explanation:

Here 85 of 352 => 85 is what percent in 352

Let p% of 352 is 85

Percentage(%) is generally calculated in the total of 100.

=> p x 352/100  = 85

=> p = 8500/352  = 24.14%

 

Hence, 85 is 24.14% of 352.

 

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4 4960