Questions

Excessive use of nitrate including manure may be responsible forthe presence of toxic substance in groundwater. Phosphate can also enter the groundwater via excessive use of fertilizers. High application rates of nitrogen containing fertilizers combined with the high-water solubility of nitrate, leads to increased runoff into surface water as well as leaching into groundwater, thereby causing groundwater pollution.

Only a fraction of the nitrogen-based fertilizers, is converted to produce and other plant matter. Nitrate pollution in groundwater comes from pit latrines, it can cause blue baby syndrome.

Electric current produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field can be visualized as a pattern of circular field lines surrounding a wire.

Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with water molecules and water like molecules such as alcohols.

A magnetic domain is a region within a magnetic material in which the magnetization is in a uniform direction. This means that the individual magnetic moments of the atoms are aligned with one another and they point in the same direction.

Osmosis is the process in which water molecules move from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower potential down a water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane. It doen't requires any additional energy to do this work. 

So, Osmosis is a Passive.

Active and passive transport processes are two ways molecules and other materials move in and out of cells and cross intracellular membranes.

1. Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient (from an area of lower to higher concentration), which does not ordinarily occur, so enzymes and energy are required.

2. Passive transport is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher to lower concentration. Passive transport occurs because of the entropy of the system, so additional energy isn't required for it to occur.

3. Active transport requires energy to proceed, while passive transport does not require the input of extra energy to occur.