Questions

ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender. It uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. It also handles both control and error messages.

A lady who remains unmarried never have a child or divorsed is called as Spinster.

Black  surfaces are good emitters of heat ( They are also good absorbers of heat). If the black surface is rough too, the emitting will be better. So (b) is the correct answer. Shining surfaces reflect back radiation. So if the black surface is also shining the effectiveness of emitting heat is lessened.

It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems use to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system.

 I have used following 4 types of Methodologies: 

1. Boundary value analysis   

2. Equivalence partitioning   

3. Error guessing   

4. Cause effect graphing