Questions

Because of high stability, large Q (Quality Factor) & the frequency that doesn't drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most of the times.

12 N in a C means 12 Numbers in a Clock. 

Cryogenic Engines find applications in Rocket technology. A cryogenic rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer, that is, its fuel or oxidizer are gases liquefied and stored at very low temperatures. Notably, these engines were one of the main factors of NASA's success in reaching the Moon by the Saturn V rocket.

A hard real-time system guarantees that critical tasks complete on time. This goal requires that all delays in the system be bounded from the retrieval of the stored data to the time that it takes the operating system to finish any request made of it. A soft real time system where a critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains that priority until it completes. As in hard real time systems kernel delays need to be bounded