Questions

A pure substance can be defined as any single type of material that has not been contaminated by another substance. In chemistry, a pure substance has a definite composition. It can be a compound or an element. A pure substance is considered to be a material that consists of one type of "building block" of matter.

Examples of pure substances include tin, sulfur, diamond, water, pure sugar (sucrose), table salt (sodium chloride) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate).

Tin, sulfur, and diamond are examples of pure substances which are chemical elements. All elements are pure substances.

Water, sugar, salt and baking soda are pure substances which are chemical compounds. Chemical compounds also are pure substances

You will get the answer in the riddle itself, if you read the riddle carefully.

The riddle says "A cowboy arrives in town on Friday." So Friday is the name of the horse on which he comes. Hence, the only possibility is he arrives on the horse friday on Tuesday, stays for 3 days and leaves on the same horse on Friday. 

 It is a strange sequence. Each number describes the resemblance of the previous one, except the first one.

11 describes the previous '1' which contains one '1'

21 describes the previous '11' which contains two '1'

1211 describes the previous '21' which contains one '2' and one '1'

111221 describes the previous '1211' which contains one '1', one '2' and two '1'.

So the next sequence will be 312211, that is the previous '111221' contains three '1', two '2' and one '1'.

All the above listed are the System calls for process management