Questions

ELISA - Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay.

An ELISA test may be used to diagnose: HIV, which causes AIDS.

An ELISA also called EIA, is a test that detects and measures antibodies in your blood. Antibodies are proteins that your body produces in response to harmful substances called antigens.

Sunanda K Datta-Ray

Excretion rates of drugs vary greatly depending upon:

* The type of drug taken.

* The medical condition of the person who took the drug.

Nonvolatile drugs are excreted in the body through renal excretion or through kidneys and bladder by means of urine. Other drugs are excreted either by means of sweat, bile, milk, saliva or other body fluids.

The given compound is NaHCO3 Sodium bicarbonate which is commonly known as Baking soda.

Oxidation numbers are the charges on ions. When a neutral atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged. When a neutral atom gains electrons it becomes negatively charged.

Here the C represents the oxidation state of carbon in this compound. Compounds are electrically neutral, which is why we set the sum of the oxidation states equal to zero.

Sodium has a +1 oxidation state. Hydrogen has a +1 oxidation state. Oxygen has a -2 oxidation state. There are three oxygen atoms, which means the total oxidation state provided by both oxygen ions is -6. Adding up these oxidation states we get:

1 + 1 + (-6) + C = 0

-4 + C = 0

=> C = 4

This means the oxidation state of carbon in this compound is +4.

A ridge ine is a line formed along the highest points of a mountain ridge.

Irrigation canals are generally aligned along ridge lines.