Questions

Monoculture is a typical characteristics of Commercial grain farming.

Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or farming system at a time focussing commercial gains.

Monoculture is widely used in both industrial farming and organic farming and has allowed increased efficiency in planting and harvest.

Polyculture, where more than one crop is grown in the same space at the same time, is the alternative to monoculture.

The stability of the ions is determined by the energy of the lone pairs. Carbon has the least effective nuclear charge (Zeff) and so the lone pair on the CH3− ion has the highest energy, making it the least stable ion and so the strongest base. The Zeff increases as we move across the period until we get to fluorine which has the greatest Zeff and so its lone pairs have the lowest energy, making F− the least basic ion.

In order of decreasing basicity they are ranked LiCH3 > LiNH2 > LiOH > LiF. We are dealing with the ions F−, OH−, NH2− and CH3− and so the factor which influences their basicity is the stability of the ion compared to its conjugate acid.