Questions

We know that each successive IE is greater than the previous one, because each ionization process removes one electron and hence increases the total attractive force on the remaining electrons from the nucleus. Hence, C3+ (g) → C4+ (g) + e- needs more energy.

Fixed expenses are those expenses that do not change when there is a change in production or sales level.

Examples of Fixed Expenses are rent, insurance, payment on loans, salaries, advertising, etc...

Hydrogen is the common element in all acids.

DNA is a double-stranded molecule twisted into a helix. The shape of DNA is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. Deoxyribose, which is a pentose, and a phosphate group are the two molecules together form the two sides of the DNA. The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases.

Intermolecular forces :

The forces of attraction present in between the molecules or atoms or compounds is termed as intermolecular forces.


The molecule HCl is composed of hydrogen and chlorine atom. There is high difference in electronegativities therefore, it is polar in nature. The H end of HCl is permanently slightly positive charge. The Cl end of HCl has a permanent slight negative charge. the "H" in one molecule is attracted to the "Cl" in a neighbor. The intermolecular force is weak compared to a covalent bond. But this dipole-dipole interaction is one of the stronger intermolecular attractions.

It also has hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. 

Dispersion forces are the weakest forces which are present in between all molecules or atoms.
Hydrogen bonds are present in molecules having at least one H-A bond where A is the strong electronegative atom (mainly F, Cl and N).

Narmada rises near Amarkantak