Questions

C++ is not an Operating System.

An Operating System is a collection of system programs that manages all the other programs application programs in a computer as well as the allocation and use of hardware resources such as the CPU, Memory and the Hard Disk Drive.

It acts as an interface between the hardware and the user level program.

It controls and facilitates the overall operation of a computer. 

Here

UNIX : UNIX is a popular multi-user, multitasking operating system (OS) developed at Bell Labs.

Windows NT : Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993.

DOS : DOS is Disk Operating System. The term DOS can refer to any operating system.

C++ : C++ is a programming language and computing platform.

Hence, C++ is not an Operating System.

Nirmala Sitharaman, who took oath as the new Cabinet member in september 2017 under Narendra Modi, has been given the Defence Ministry portfolio. Incidentally, she has become the first dedicated woman defence minister of India and only the second woman to hold the crucial ministry after Indira Gandhi. 

The given compound is NaHCO3 Sodium bicarbonate which is commonly known as Baking soda.

Oxidation numbers are the charges on ions. When a neutral atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged. When a neutral atom gains electrons it becomes negatively charged.

Here the C represents the oxidation state of carbon in this compound. Compounds are electrically neutral, which is why we set the sum of the oxidation states equal to zero.

Sodium has a +1 oxidation state. Hydrogen has a +1 oxidation state. Oxygen has a -2 oxidation state. There are three oxygen atoms, which means the total oxidation state provided by both oxygen ions is -6. Adding up these oxidation states we get:

1 + 1 + (-6) + C = 0

-4 + C = 0

=> C = 4

This means the oxidation state of carbon in this compound is +4.

Sunanda K Datta-Ray

A ridge ine is a line formed along the highest points of a mountain ridge.

Irrigation canals are generally aligned along ridge lines.