Questions

The   Second   Five-year   plan   was drafted  under  the  leadership  of  P. C.   Mahalanobis. It   focused   on heavy    industries    and    followed socialist  pattern  of  society  as  its goal.Since savings and investment were growing in this period, a bulk of  these  industries  like  electricity railways,   steel, machineries   and communication could be developed in the public sector. However it had its   problems   as   well,because industry attracted more investment than  agriculture,  the  possibility  of food shortage became adverse.So, the    planners    found    balancing industry    and    agriculture    really difficult;  while  K.  N.  Raj  drafted sections  of  India’s  first  Five-Year Plan

Only H and Br form Polar Covalent Bond.

Covalent bonding:

Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

1. Polar Covalent Bond

2. Nonpolar Covalent Bond

1. Polar Covalent Bond:

A Polar Covalent Bond is created when the shared electrons between atoms are not equally shared. This occurs when one atom has a higher electronegativity than the atom it is sharing with. The atom with the higher electronegativity will have a stronger pull for electrons (Similiar to a Tug-O-War game, whoever is stronger usually wins). As a result, the shared electrons will be closer to the atom with the higher electronegativity, making it unequally shared.

2. Nonpolar Covalent Bond:

A Nonpolar Covalent Bond is created when atoms share their electrons equally. This usually occurs when two atoms have similar or the same electron affinity. The closer the values of their electron affinity, the stronger the attraction. This occurs in gas molecules; also known as diatomic elements. Nonpolar covalent bonds have a similar concept as polar covalent bonds; the atom with the higher electronegativity will draw away the electron from the weaker one.

Here H and H and N and N form Non-polar covalent bonds. Na and Br form the ionic bond.