Questions

Temporary hardness is due to the presence of soluble bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium.

∆s=nRlnv2v1 

=2.303 nR logv2v1 = 2.303×2×8.314×log10010 = 38.3 J mol-1k-1

The president is the nominal custodian of the Indian constitution but the ideal custodian is the supreme court of India.

Only if either demand or supply was either completely elastic or inelastic will the tax burden fall entirely on either the buyer or the seller. Between these 2 extremes, tax incidence varies continuously from a perfectly inelastic supply or perfectly elastic demand, where the sellers assumes the entire burden of the tax to the perfectly elastic supply or perfectly inelastic demand where the buyers bear the entire burden. To better see how the elasticity of supply and demand affects tax incidence, consider a 20% tax on a can of soda. Suppose the government decides that the buyer should pay the 20% tax. Does this mean that the buyers will be paying 20% more, or will sellers have to share some of the tax burden? Since higher prices decrease demand, regardless of the reason for the higher prices, sellers will share some of the burden. How much of the burden will be determined by the elasticity of supply and demand for the product?