Questions

When the piece of iron is lowered into the water, the water level in the bucket increases. And so the pressure at the bottom of bucket also increases. Thus the total thrust at the botto also increases. Therefore the spring balance reading increases.

Vivipary means germination even when attached to the mother plant. Usually the saline marsh plants (Halophytes) have their seeds growing even when they are inside the fruits attached to the tree.

A bank run occurs when a large number of people withdraw their money from a bank, because they believe the bank may cease to function soon.

A banking panic or bank panic is a financial crisis that occurs when many banks suffer runs at the same time, as people suddenly try to convert their threatened deposits into cash or try to get out of their domestic banking system altogether.

ESTRANGE means cause (someone) to be no longer on friendly terms with someone. Alienate also means same - make (someone) feel isolated or estranged.

‘Suppose’ and ‘if’ both are used to guess, or think, or imagine something and both means the same thing. So, using them together is superfluous. So, ‘if’will be used. 

A binary semaphore is one, which takes only 0 and 1 as values. They are used to implement mutual exclusion and synchronize concurrent processes.