Verbal Reasoning - Mental Ability Questions

Here the relation in the given words is, First is the process of formation of the second.

That is, when anything melts, it forms liquid. Similarly, when anything freezes it forms solid.

Hence, Melt : Liquid :: Freeze : Solid.

The given series follows the pattern that

So the missing number is  37 + 38 = 75

75 + 66 = 141

....

The new letter sequence is EDRPSEISNO

The seventh letter from the right is P

Only son of Amar's mother's father — Amar's maternal uncle. 

So, the girl's maternal uncle is Arnar's maternal uncle. Thus, the girl's mother is Amar's aunt. 

Here the relation between a fossil and extinction is that a fossil remains after an extinction. That is fossils are evidence of an extinction.

Similarly, puddle remains after it is rained. That is puddles are evidence of rain.

Therefore, Fossil is to Extinction as Puddle is to Rain.