Altitude sickness, the mildest form being acute mountain sickness (AMS), is the negative health effect of high altitude, caused by rapid exposure to low amounts of oxygen at high elevation.

Enzymes are biological catalysts. Enzymes are the catalysts involved in biological chemical reactions.

A fundamental task of proteins is to act as enzymes—catalysts that increase the rate of virtually all the chemical reactions within cells.

A catalyst remains chemically unchanged itself at the end of a reaction.

Each enzyme has a temperature that it works optimally in, which in humans is around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, 37 degrees Celsius –the normal body temperature for humans.

The absence of a nucleus is an adaptation of the red blood cell for its role. It allows the red bloodcell to contain more haemoglobin and, therefore, carry more oxygen moleculesLike red cells, platelets (thrombocytes) have no nucleus.Monocytes have a small spherical nucleus and has abundant dark staining condensed chromatin.There are 5 organelles found in a root hair cell. They are the: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

Insulin is an anabolic hormone that stimulates glucose and fatty acid uptake into adipose cells, promoting triglyceride synthesis.Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body.