Operating Systems Questions

Mutual exclusion

Hold and wait

No preemption

Circular wait

The processes that are residing in the main memory and are ready and waiting to execute are kept on a list called the ready queue.

Deadlock is a situation where a group of processes are all blocked and none of them can become unblocked until one of the other becomes unblocked. The simplest deadlock is two processes each of which is waiting for a message from the other.

Hard real-time systems required to complete a critical task within a guaranteed amount of time.
Soft real-time computing requires that critical processes receive priority over less fortunate ones.

• Responsiveness


• Resources sharing


• Economy


• Utilization of multiprocessor architectures.

1.The hardware

2.The operating system

3.The application programs

4.The users.

System calls provide the interface between a process and the operating system. System calls for modern Microsoft windows platforms are part of the win32 API, which is available for all the compilers written for Microsoft windows.

A situation, where several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place, is called race condition. To guard against the race condition we need to ensure that only one process at a time can be manipulating the same data. The technique we use for this is called process synchronization.