One of the goals of management by objectives (MBO) is to ensure that objectives of one level within an organization are supportive of and aligned with the objectives of another level of the organization. This methodology has been popular within some organizations as they define their culture. Which of the following is not true about MBO?

Work breakdown structure is an important tool for project scope management.

Project Scope Management refers to the set of processes that ensure a project’s scope is accurately defined and mapped. Scope Management techniques enable project managers and supervisors to allocate just the right amount of work necessary to successfully complete a project—concerned primarily with controlling what is and what is not part of the project’s scope.

The project management life cycle describes high-level processes for delivering a successful project.

The project management life cycle is usually broken down into four phases:

1. Initiation and Planning,

2. Execution,

3. Project Monitoring and Control, and

4. Project Closing.

A project has a beginning and an end and passes through several phases of development known as life cycle phases. Every project has certain phases of development. A clear understanding of these phases allows managers and executives to maintain control of the project more efficiently.
These phases are varied depending upon the industry involved but all follow the same basic steps.

How Important is Project Life Cycle::

1. This is a tried and tested method for delivering projects on time, within budget and to the expected quality targets.

2. Aids communication and helps define roles within the project organisation as it provides a framework for the project that is visible and understood by all members of the project.

3. The project lifecycle will allow the project manager to link progress directly to each phase and recognise the completion of each phase

4. The phases within the project lifecycle provide an understanding of the evolution of the project, being able to identify areas that need greater attention at different times such as risk management in the early stages and more Project Evaluation Reviews during the Implementation stage.

5. At each stage, approval is generally required from outside the project team before proceeding to the next stage.

6. The project life cycle also allows for the gate procedure to be used.

7. At each stage, approval is generally required from outside the project team before proceeding to the next stage.

The project initiator or sponsor should be at a level that is appropriate to funding the project. They will either create the project charter or delegate that duty to the project manager.

Projects are authorized by someone external to the project such as a sponsor, PMO or portfolio steering committee.

1. Project Charter refers to a statement of objectives in a project.

 
2. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project objectives, identifies the main stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager.

 
3. It serves as a reference of authority for the future of the project. The terms of reference are usually part of the project charter.

Answer A is incorrect because the WBS hierarchy does not prevent duplication by itself. Answer C is incorrect because a WBS is focused on deliverables and components or work packages and not on tasks. Answer D is incorrect because a WBS can be sized appropriately to the project size with as many levels as necessary.