In which area is the public sector most dominant in India?

 

Total utility -It is total psychological satisfaction which a consumer derives from the consumption of a commodity is known as total utility

Marginal utility -It is anaddition made in total utility by consuming and additional unit of a commodity is known as marginal utility.

•When marginal utility is positive,total utility increases

•When marginal utility is zero,total utility is at maximum

•When marginal utility is negative,total utility decreases

There are certain assumptions underlying the law of demand, which are as follows:

i. Assumes that the consumer’s income remains same

ii. Assumes that the preferences of consumer remain same.

iii. Considers that the fashion does not show any changes, because if fashion changes, then people would not purchase the products that are out of fashion.

iv. Assumes that there would be no change in the age structure, size, and sex ratio of population. This is because if population size increases, then the number of buyers increases, which, in turn, affect the demand for a product directly.

v. Restricts the innovation and new varieties of products in the market, which can affect the demand for the existing product.

vi. Restricts changes in the distribution of income.

vii. Avoids any type of change fiscal policies of the government of a nation, which reduces the effect of taxation on the demand of product.

Capital deepening is a situation where the capital per worker is increasing in the economy. This is also referred to as increase in the capital intensity. Capital deepening is often measured by the rate of change in capital stock per labour hour.

Creditors and debtors:

During inflation creditors lose because they receive in effect less in goods and services than if they had received the repayments during a period of low prices. Debtors, on other hand, as a group gain during inflation, since they repay their debts in currency that has lost its value.The aggregate volume of internal trade tends to increase during inflation due to higher incomes, greater production and larger spending. But the export trade is likely to suffer on account of arise in the prices of domestic goods.

The same currency unit will now buy less goods and services.But the bondholders lose as they get a fixed interest the real value of which has already fallen.

A bank run occurs when a large number of people withdraw their money from a bank, because they believe the bank may cease to function soon.

A banking panic or bank panic is a financial crisis that occurs when many banks suffer runs at the same time, as people suddenly try to convert their threatened deposits into cash or try to get out of their domestic banking system altogether.