In which area is the public sector most dominant in India?

 

J.M Keynes’ theory of employment is a demand-deficient theory. This means that Keynes visualised employment from the demand side of the model. His theory is a demand-oriented approach, as opposed to the classical supply side model.

According to him,the volume of employment in a country depends on the level of effective demand of people for goods and services. Thus, unemployment is attributed to the deficiency of effective demand.

The life-cycle theory of consumption, popularly known as life-cycle hypothesis,' was developed by Ando and Modigliani" in the early 1960s.

The life-cycle hypothesis postulates that individual consumption in any time period depends on

(i) resources available to the individual,

(ii) the rate of return on his capital, and

(iii) the age of the individual.

The resources available to an individual consist of his existing net wealth and the present value of all his current and future labour incomes. According to the life-cycle hypothesis, a rational consumer plans consumption on the basis of all his resources and allocates his income to consumption over time so that he maximizes his total utility over his life time.

According to the Survey, inflation in the country continued to moderate during 2017-18 with the CPI based headline inflation averaging 3.3 per cent during the period --the lowest in the last six financial years

Retail inflation fell to a record low of 2.18% in May as prices of kitchen staples like vegetables and pulses declined sharply although there was a marginal spike in fruit rates.

Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition such that many producers sell products that are differentiated from one another (e.g. by branding or quality) and hence are not perfect substitutes.

In other words, large sellers selling the products that are similar, but not identical and compete with each other on other factors besides price.

Although demand curves are typically downward sloping to reflect that consumers’ utility for a good diminishes with increased consumption, firm supply curves are generally upward sloping.The upward sloping character reflects that firms will be willing to increase production in response to a higher market price because the higher price may make additional production profitable.

Although demand curves are typically downward sloping to reflect that consumers’ utility for a good diminishes with increased consumption, firm supply curves are generally upward sloping.The upward sloping character reflects that firms will be willing to increase production in response to a higher market price because the higher price may make additional production profitable.

Joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals for profit, having a capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership.

The definition of a joint stock company highlights the following features of a company.

Separate legal entity:From the day of its incorporation, a company acquires an identity, distinct from its members. Its assets and liabilities are separate from those of its owners. The law does not recognise the business and owners to be one and the same.

The management and control of the affairs of the company is undertaken by the Board of Directors, which appoints the top management officials for running the business. The directors hold a position of immense significance as they are directly accountable to the shareholders for the working of the company. The shareholders, however, do not have the right to be involved in the day-to-day running of the business. The liability of the members is limited to the extent of the capital contributed by them in a company

The risk of losses in a company is borne by all the shareholders. This is unlike the case of sole proprietorship or partnership firm where one or few persons respectively bear the losses.

The indifference curves cannot intersect each other.

Higher indifference curve represents a higher level of satisfaction because higher IC means a bundle consisting more of both the goods or same quantity of one good n more quantity of the other good .Hence statement 2 is correct and 3 is incorrect.

Indifference curves is convex to the point of origin because of diminishing Marginal Rate of Substitution.