From the following pairs, find the one which is correctly matched?

 

The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes, which carry genetic information in a long molecule called DNA.

Genes are regions of DNA that carry the code to control a particular cell activity or the production of a particular protein.

Deoxyribose, which is a pentose, and a phosphate group are the two molecules together form the two sides of the DNA i.e, A sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate.

DNA is a double-stranded molecule twisted into a helix (think of a spiral staircase). Each spiraling strand, comprised of a sugar-phosphate backbone and attached bases, is connected to a complementary strand by non-covalent hydrogen bonding between paired bases. The bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). A and T are connected by two hydrogen bonds. G and C are connected by three hydrogen bonds.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and do not have an extensive system of interior membranes. They are encased in a cell wall and many contain external structures such as a capsule, flagellum, or pili. Prokaryotes – have a relatively uniform interior that is not subdivided by internal membranes.

Genes are located on DNA present in the chromosome. Chromosomes are present in the nucleus of the cell.

23 chromosomes are in a human gamete.

Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes(23 pairs) but a gamete(germ cell) gets half the amount, i.e. 23 chromosomes, (one from each pair). There will be half the number of chromosomes an organism has in its somatic cells (all other body cells except gametes).

For example in humans, the somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes which are the diploid number (2n) and each sperm and egg has 23 chromosomes where one of them is the sex chromosome.