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 Arithmetical Reasoning Questions

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Q:

What is the value of a two–digit number?

A. The sum of the digits is 15.
B. The difference of the squares of the digits is 45.
C. The difference of their digits is 3.

A) B and C together are sufficient B) Any one pair of A and B, B and C or C and A is sufficient
C) C and A together are sufficient D) A and B together are sufficient
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) Any one pair of A and B, B and C or C and A is sufficient

Explanation:

From the given data,

Let the two gits of a number be x & y

A) x + y = 15

 

B) x2 - y2 = 45

(x+y) (x - y) = 45

 

C) x - y = 3

From any 2 of the given 3 statements, we can find that 2 digit number as 

2x = 18 => x = 9

=> y = 6

Hence, 2 digit number is 96.

 

Any one pair of A and B, B and C or C and A is sufficient to find.

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Q:

Seven boys A,B,C,D,E,F and G are standing in a line.

(i) G is between A and E
(ii) F and A have one boy between them
(iii) E and C have two boys between them
(iv) D is immediate right of F
(v) C and B have three boys between them

Who is second from left?

A) C B) G
C) E D) A
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) E

Explanation:
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Q:

Five farmers have 7,9,11,13 & 14 apple trees respectively in their orchards. Last year each of them discovered that every tree in their own orchard yields exactly the same number of apples. Further, if the 3rd farmer gives one apple to the 1st and the 5th gives 3 to each of the 2nd & d 4th, they would all exactly have the same number of apples, what were the yields per tree in the orchards of the 3rd & 4th farmers ?

A) 17 & 9 B) 9 & 11
C) 9 & 9 D) 11 & 9
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) 11 & 9

Explanation:

Let the number of apples in each tree of the 5 farmers be a, b, c, d,e respectively. Therefore total no of apples are 7a, 9b, 11c, 13d and 14e respectively.

Given,
7a+1 = 9b+3 = 11c-1 = 13d+3 = 14e-6 = x

9b+3 = 13d+3
===> 9b = 13d
so take b = 13 and d = 9

9b+3 = 9*13+3 = 120
ie, x=120

substituting
7a+1 = 120
7a = 119
a = 17

11c-1 = 120
11c = 121
c=11

14e-6 = 120
14e = 126
e = 9

Yields per tree in the orchards of d 3rd & 4th farmers= 11,9

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Q:

The following equation is incorrect. Which two signs should be interchanged to correct the equation?

 

14 + 16 ÷ 40 x 8 - 48 = 46

 

A) ÷ and x B) x and -
C) ÷ and - D) - and +
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) ÷ and x

Explanation:
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Q:

A cow was standing on a bridge, 5m away from the middle of the bridge. A train was coming towards the bridge from the ends nearest to the cow. Seeing this cow ran towards the the train and managed to escape when the train was 2m away from bridge. If it had run in the opposite direction, it would hit by the train 2m before the end of the bridge. What is the lenght of the bridge in meters assuming the speed of the train is 4 times that of cow ?

A) 22 mts B) 28 mts
C) 32 mts D) 34 mts
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 32 mts

Explanation:

let 'b' be the Length of bridge from cow to the near end of the bridge and 'a' be the distance of the train from the bridge.
'x' be speed of cow => '4x' speed of train
Then the total length of the bridge 2b + 10.
(a-2)/4x = b/x
=> a-2 = 4b........(1)
Now if it had run in opposite direction
(a+2b+10-2)/4x = (b+10-2)/x
=> a - 2b = 24......(2)
Solving (1) and (2)
b = 11 ,
Therefore length of the bridge is 2 x 11 + 10 = 32mts.

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Q:

Ajay and Vijay have some marbles with them. Ajay told Vijay "if you give me 'x' marbles, both of us will have equal number of marbles". Vijay then told Ajay "if you give me twice as many marbles, I will have 30 more marbles than you would". Find 'x'  ?

A) 4 B) 10
C) 8 D) 5
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) 5

Explanation:

If Vijay gives 'x' marbles to Ajay then Vijay and Ajay would have V - x and A + x marbles.
V - x = A + x --- (1)
If Ajay gives 2x marbles to Vijay then Ajay and Vijay would have A - 2x and V + 2x marbles.
V + 2x - (A - 2x) = 30 => V - A + 4x = 30 --- (2)
From (1) we have V - A = 2x
Substituting V - A = 2x in (2)
6x = 30 => x = 5.

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Q:

It takes five minutes to pass a rumour from one person to two other persons. The tree of rumour continues. Find how many minutes does it take spread the rumour to 729 persons ?

A) 45 min B) 25 min
C) 30 min D) 36 min
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 30 min

Explanation:

After 5 mins ..... 3 persons will get rumour
After 10 mins .... 3x2 + 3 = 9 = 32 persons will get
after 15 =5x3 min ......9x2 + 9 =27 = 33 persons will get news.
.
.
after 5x6 mins ... 36 = 729 persons will get news.

 

Therefore, time taken to spread the rumour to 729 persons is 30 minutes.

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Q:

What is the product of all the numbers in the dial of a telephone ?

A) 1,58,480 B) 1,59,450
C) 1,59,480 D) None of these
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) None of these

Explanation:

Since one of the numbers on the dial of a telephone is zero, so the product of all the numbers on it is 0.

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